Python Tutorial

January 18, 2025 Normand Odoo
Understanding Models in Odoo 17

What is a Model?

In Odoo 17, a model is a class that represents a specific data relationship or table. It encapsulates all the essential fields and functionalities required for storing and managing the associated data. Each model typically corresponds to a distinct database table.

Key Components of a Model

_name: This attribute defines the name of the model in the Odoo system. It is expressed in dot-notation within the module namespace

_name = 'module.model_name'

Fields: Fields are declared as attributes within the model. They define the columns in the corresponding database table

from odoo import fields 

class ExampleModel(models.Model): 
    _name = 'example.model' 
    name = fields.Char(string='Name') 
    description = fields.Text(string='Description')

Methods: Methods define the behaviors and functionalities of the model. They can be used to manipulate data, validate inputs, and perform various operations.

def create(self, vals): 
    if not vals.get('name'): 
       raise ValidationError('Name is required') 
    return super(ExampleModel, self).create(vals)
Types of Models
  1. Regular Models: These are the standard models that persist data in the database.
  2. Abstract Models: These models serve as superclasses for other models and are not meant to be instantiated directly.
  3. Transient Models: These models are used for temporary data that does not persist in the database.
Creating a Model

To create a model in Odoo 17, you need to define a Python class that extends models.Model. Here’s a simple example:

from odoo import models 

class ExampleModel(models.Model): 
    _name = 'example.model' 
    name = fields.Char(string='Name') 
    description = fields.Text(string='Description'
Adding Fields and Methods

You can add various fields and methods to your model to define its structure and behavior. For example:

class ExampleModel(models.Model): 
    _name = 'example.model' 
    name = fields.Char(string='Name') 
    description = fields.Text(string='Description') 

    @api.model def create(self, vals): 
        if not vals.get('name'): 
            raise ValidationError('Name is required') 
        return super(ExampleModel, self).create(vals)
Conclusion

Models in Odoo 17 are fundamental building blocks that define the logical structure of your database and how data is stored, organized, and manipulated. By understanding and utilizing models effectively, you can create powerful and flexible applications in Odoo.

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